Researchers have developed a classification system for predicting surface magnetization in antiferromagnets using group theory and first-principles calculations. This work reveals how surface magnetization arises from magnetic symmetries and can be influenced by surface roughness. The study builds on previous models to show that even surfaces previously thought to have no net magnetization can exhibit stable and significant magnetization due to symmetry-induced interactions. These findings could lead to new applications in antiferromagnetic spintronics, enhancing data storage and processing technologies.
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